Substrates and Metabolites

Bilirubin total (TBIL)

• Bilirubin total is a laboratory test for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy control of jaundice, caused by liver, hemolytic, hematological, and metabolic disorders, including hepatitis and gall bladder block.

Bilirubin direct (DBIL)

• Direct bilirubin (DBIL) is a helpful marker for hepatic and post-hepatic jaundice, whereas pre-hepatic jaundice is primarily associated with an increase of indirect bilirubin. Increased direct bilirubin concentrations are found in acute and chronic viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, extrahepatic cholestasis, liver transplant rejection, and congential disorders like Dubin-Johnson and Rotor syndrome.

Cholesterol (CHOL)

• Total cholesterol (CHOL) measurements are used for diagnosis and therapy control of atherosclerotic coronary vascular disease and metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and liver diseases. The concentration of total cholesterol in serum or plasma is influenced by different factors like age, sex, diet and physical activity.

Creatinine (CREA)

• Creatinine (CREA) is a product of the muscle metabolism. Creatinine measurements are used for diagnosis and therapy control of renal diseases and monitoring renal dialysis. The concentration of creatinine is influenced by age, body weight, and sex. Urea/BUN and creatinine determinations are frequently performed together in the differential diagnosis of kidney function.

Glucose (GLUC)

• Glucose (GLUC) measurements are used for diagnosis and therapy control of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Elevated glucose values (hyperglycemia) are observed in the following discorders: diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes and Addison’s disease. Decreased glucose values (hypoglycemia) are observed in neonatal hypoglycemia, congenital enzyme defects, Reye’s syndrome, hepatic dysfunction, insulinomas, insulin antibodies, alcohol ingestion, neoplasms, sepsis and chronic renal failure.
• GOD method and Hexokinase method

HDL Cholesterol (HDL-C)

• HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) is regarded as a protecting lipid component against coronary vascular disease (CHD). Measurement of HDL-c cholesterol is used in the early recognition of ateriosclerotic risk and may also be used for therapy control during lipid lowering treatment. Together with LDL cholesterol it has a high diagnostic value to estimate the individual risk for CHD.

LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C)

• LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) is an independent risk factor for coronary vascular disease (CHD). Epidemiological studies have shown the importance of LDL-c levels for the identification of high risk patients. HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) is regarded a protecting lipid component against coronary vascular disease (CHD). Together with HDL cholesterol LDL cholesterol has a high diagnostic value to estimate the individual risk for CHD.

Total Protein (TP)

• Total protein (TP) is a major component of blood and the sum of all circulating proteins. Total protein is measured for diagnosis and therapy control of a variety of diseases involving liver, kidney or bone marrow as well as other metabolic and nutritional disorders. Hypoproteinemia may be caused by abnormal synthesis, protein malnutrition, protein malabsorption, protein loss  and after infusions. Hyperproteinemia may be caused by monoclonal gammopathy, severe chronic inflammatory and autoimmune processes.
• Colorimetric test for the quantitative determination of total protein in human serum and plasma. 

Triglycerides (TG)

• The measurement of triglycerides (TG) is used for diagnosis of primary and secondary hyperlipoproteinemias, primary and secondary prevention of coronary vascular disease (CHD), risk marker of metabolic syndrom, LDL-c calculation using the Friedewald formula as well as control of dietary and medical lipid lowering.
• Enzymatic colorimetric test for the quantitative determination of triglycerides in human serum and plasma. 

Urea (UREA, BUN)

• Urea (UREA, BUN) measurements are used in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, assessment and therapy control of certain renal and metabolic diseases such as acute renal failure, terminal renal disease, and metabolic status of intensive care and dialysis patients. Urea and creatinine determinations are frequently performed together in the differential diagnosis of kidney function.

Uric Acid (UA)

• Uric acid measurements are used in the diagnosis and therapy control of numerous renal and metabolic disorders, including chronic kidney disease, kidney stones, renal failure, gout, hyperlipidemia, leukemia, psoriasis, starvation or other wasting conditions and of patients receiving cytotoxic drugs or cyclosporine therapy in transplant recipients.
• Enzymatic colorimetric test with or without ascorbate oxidase for the quantitative determination of uric acid in human serum, plasma and urine.